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HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第8卷 第4期 页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425
The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.
关键词: ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2014年 第1卷 第4期 页码 348-352 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014048
关键词: water conservation projects subject behavior safety accident risk effect engineering ethics
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1462-y
•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development.
关键词: Water conservation Environmental protection Industry transformation Evenness Sustainable development Dryland
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 58-65 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0688-3
关键词: contingent valuation method questionnaire survey Miyun Reservoir
Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG
《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第7卷 第5期 页码 688-698 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0559-3
关键词: technology selection model optimization water price scenario analysis consumer behavior
Effects of mulching for water conservation on soil carbon, nitrogen and biological properties
Xiaomin PI, Tongxun ZHANG, Benhua SUN, Quanhong CUI, Yun GUO, Mingxia GAO, Hao FENG, David W. HOPKINS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第2期 页码 146-154 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017136
关键词: biomass carbon mulch nitrogen plastic films soil straw water storage
Guofang SHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第4卷 第4期 页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186
关键词: ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental
中国工程院“西北水资源”项目组
《中国工程科学》 2003年 第5卷 第4期 页码 1-26
西北地区地域广阔,资源丰富,民族众多,在我国的经济建设、社会稳定和国防安全方面都具有重要战略地位,同时又是我国极其重要的生态屏障。50多年来全区经济快速发展的同时,出现了土地荒漠化、水环境污染等种种生态问题,最突出的矛盾是水资源的配置问题,严重制约了社会经济的可持续发展。根据中央确定的“西部大开发”及开发要和生态环境建设相协调的方针,经国务院批准,中国工程院于2001年5月启动了“西北地区水资源配置、生态环境建设和可持续发展战略研究”的咨询项目。在深入调查和科学研究的基础上,“西北水资源”项目组认为,为了保证社会经济的可持续发展,必须确立人与自然和谐共存的发展方针,为此必须以水资源的可持续利用,支持社会经济的可持续发展;要统筹全局,合理安排生态环境建设;坚决调整产业结构和转变经济增长方式,建设高效节水防污的经济与社会;在水资源可持续利用和保护生态环境的条件下,相应地合理配置水资源;同时必须实施适当的人口政策,控制人口的过度增长。为此提出了强水资源的统一管理;退耕还牧还草;加强农业基础地位;发展工矿业,推进城镇化;建立西北地区生态环境建设的部门协调机制等10项战略对策。
傅志寰
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第12期 页码 13-16
近年来我国能源消费增长快、利用效率低的问题比较突出,原有《节能法》已经不能适应当前节能工作的要求。为了推动全社会的节约能源工作,全国人大今年修订了这部法律。文章介绍了修订后的《节能法》基本思路、主要内容和实施后的初步效果。
Building Energy Conservation and Technology
Yi JIANG, Xiaohua LIU,
《能源前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期 页码 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0025-x
刘友平,李义,张丕界,何广沂
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第9期 页码 39-46
工程爆破节能环保技术的核心内容是往炮眼中一定位置注入一定量的水并用专用设备制成的炮泥回填堵塞,与常规工程爆破相比,具有显著的节能环保作用。主要介绍了往炮眼底部注水在实际应用中所产生的作用与效果并对此进行了分析,而且通过模拟实验应变测试结果证明了理论分析的正确性。
CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第9卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431
China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.
To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.
Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.
Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).
With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).
We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.
安 迪,王亭杰,金 涌
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第5期 页码 120-125
我国化肥利用率低,面源污染严重,同时农业耗水量大,水资源短缺问题突出。本文提出一种以水肥一体化滴灌技术为核心的高效设施农业发展方式。通过滴灌技术可以实现养分和水对作物的定量供应,提高化肥利用率并提高灌溉用水效率和作物产量;将过滤后的沼肥沼液与滴灌相结合,可将畜禽粪便和农作物秸秆变废为宝,改善农村生态环境;工业上排放的CO2经过无害化处理后,可通入附近的温室大棚,为作物提供碳源;应用和推广水肥一体化滴灌技术,能够拉动聚氯乙烯(PVC)的需求,消化部分PVC的过剩产能,进而拉动氯碱行业。通过滴灌设备租赁、废旧设备回收环节,完善整个产业链条,统筹协调工业农业平衡发展。
关键词: 化肥;节水;利用率;滴灌;PVC
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第2卷 第2期 页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058
关键词: conservation tillage crop yield soil structure development strategies
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE
期刊论文
The Research on Subject Behavioral Risk of Whole Life-cycle Water Conservation Projects
Hong-yong Liu,Ji Guo,Wei-tao He
期刊论文
Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands
期刊论文
Ecological compensation based on willingness to accept for conservation of drinking water sources
Linyu XU,Bing YU,Yang LI
期刊论文
Exploring price effects on the residential water conservation technology diffusion process: a case study
Junying CHU, Hao WANG, Can WANG
期刊论文
Effects of mulching for water conservation on soil carbon, nitrogen and biological properties
Xiaomin PI, Tongxun ZHANG, Benhua SUN, Quanhong CUI, Yun GUO, Mingxia GAO, Hao FENG, David W. HOPKINS
期刊论文
Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China
Guofang SHEN
期刊论文
The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China
Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG
期刊论文